What is Alprazolam?

Alprazolam is a potent, short-acting benzodiazepine that acts on the central nervous system to produce anxiolytic, sedative, and muscle relaxant effects. It enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.

Indications

Alprazolam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders, short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety, and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. It is one of the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines in clinical practice.

Dosage

For anxiety: Starting dose of 0.25-0.5 mg three times daily, may increase every 3-4 days, maximum 4 mg/day. For panic disorder: Starting dose of 0.5 mg three times daily, may increase by no more than 1 mg/day every 3-4 days. Treatment should be as short as possible due to dependence risk.

Warnings

Alprazolam carries significant risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should not be abruptly discontinued after prolonged use. Concomitant use with opioids can result in respiratory depression and death. It is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance. Elderly patients and those with hepatic impairment require dose reduction.