What is Albuterol?

Albuterol, also known internationally as salbutamol, is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (SABA) that is the most widely used rescue bronchodilator worldwide. It works by stimulating beta-2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing rapid relaxation and bronchodilation. The onset of action is typically within 5 minutes, with peak effect at 30-60 minutes and duration of 4-6 hours.

Indications

Albuterol is indicated for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (asthma) and for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm. It is also used as a rescue medication in COPD exacerbations and in the emergency management of acute asthma attacks.

Dosage

By metered-dose inhaler: 1-2 puffs (90-180 mcg) every 4-6 hours as needed. By nebulizer: 2.5 mg in 3 mL saline every 4-8 hours. For exercise-induced bronchospasm prevention: 2 puffs 15-30 minutes before exercise. In acute exacerbations, more frequent dosing may be required under medical supervision.

Side Effects

Common side effects include tremor, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, and headache. These effects are generally dose-related and diminish with continued use. Hypokalemia may occur with high doses or frequent use. Paradoxical bronchospasm, though rare, requires immediate discontinuation and alternative therapy.